Neuropsychological deficits associated with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure are not exacerbated by ADHD.

Neuropsychological functioning of individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or heavy prenatal alcohol exposure has been well documented independently. This study examined the interaction between both factors on cognitive performance in children

Neuropsychological deficits associated with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure are not exacerbated by ADHD.

Neuropsychological functioning of individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or heavy prenatal alcohol exposure has been well documented independently. This study examined the interaction between both factors on cognitive performance in children

Feasibility of Adenovirus-Mediated hNIS Gene Transfer and 131I Radioiodine Therapy as a Definitive Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer

We have developed a replication-competent adenovirus (Ad5-yCD/mutTKSR39rep-hNIS) armed with two suicide genes and the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) gene. In this context, hNIS can be used as a reporter gene in conjunction with nuclear imaging and as a potentially therapeutic gene when combined with 131I radioiodine therapy. Here, we quantified the volume and magnitude of hNIS gene expression in the human prostate following injection of a high Ad5-yCD/mutTKSR39rep-hNIS dose using a standardized injection algorithm, and estimated the radiation dose that would be delivered to the prostate had men been administered 131I with curative intent. Six men with clinically localized prostate cancer received an intraprostatic injection of Ad5-yCD/mutTKSR39rep-hNIS under transrectal ultrasound guidance. All men received 2 × 0.5 ml deposits (5 × 1011 vp/deposit) in each of the four base and midgland sextants and 2 × 0.25 ml deposits (2.5 × 1011 vp/deposit) in each of the two apex sextants for a total of 12 deposits (5 × 1012 vp) in 5 ml. On multiple days after the adenovirus injection, men were administered sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) and hNIS gene expression in the prostate was quantified by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). hNIS gene expression was detected in the prostate of six of six (100%) men. On average, 45% (range 18–83%) of the prostate volume was covered with gene expression. Had men been administered 200 mCi 131I, we estimate that the mean absorbed dose to the prostate would be 7.2 ± 4.8 Gy (range 2.1–13.3 Gy), well below that needed to sterilize the prostate. We discuss the obstacles that must be overcome before adenovirus-mediated hNIS gene transfer and 131I radioiodine therapy can be used as a definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer

Development of the Perinatal Depression Inventory (PDI)-14 using item response theory: a comparison of the BDI-II, EPDS, PDI, and PHQ-9

The objective of this study is to develop a simple, brief, self-report perinatal depression inventory that accurately measures severity in a number of populations. Our team developed 159 Likert-scale perinatal depression items using simple sentences with a fifth-grade reading level. Based on iterative cognitive interviewing (CI), an expert panel improved and winnowed the item pool based on pre-determined criteria. The resulting 67 items were administered to a sample of 628 pregnant and 251 postpartum women with different levels of depression at private and public sector obstetrics clinics, together with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), as well as Module A of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Diagnoses (SCID). Responses were evaluated using Item Response Theory (IRT). The Perinatal Depression Inventory (PDI)-14 items are highly informative regarding depression severity and function similarly and informatively across pregnant/postpartum, white/non-white, and private-clinic/public-clinic populations. PDI-14 scores correlate well with the PHQ-9, EPDS, and BDI-II, but the PDI-14 provides a more precise measure of severity using far fewer words. The PDI-14 is a brief depression assessment that excels at accurately measuring depression severity across a wide range of severity and perinatal populations. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00737-015-0553-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users